Biasing and Working of PNP Transistor

For the normal operation of a transistor, it is necessary to provide voltage of right polarities to both of its junctions. For the accurate and normal function of a transistor, its emitter-base junction should be forward biased and collector-base junction should be always...

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PNP Transistor

A transistor in which an N-type semiconductor is sandwiched between tow P-type semiconductors, is known as PNP transistor. (Shown in Figure) In the p-region, majority carriers are holes or protons, and in the n-region, majority carriers are electrons. Symbol of PNP...

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Biasing and Working of NPN Transistors

Due to forward biasing of emitter-base junction, majority carriers (Electrons) flow towards base. A big amount of electrons cross the junction and enter the base. As the base is lightly doped, so a small amount (2 to 5 percent) of electrons recombine with holes in the base and...

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Transistors

Definition: "A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and power. It is composed of a semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit."  A...

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NPN Transistors

Definition: A transistor in which a P-type semiconductor is sandwiched between tow N-type semiconductors, is known as NPN transistor. NPN is one of the two types of bipolar transistors, consisting of a layer of P-doped semiconductor (the "base") between two N-doped...

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Half wave rectifier

A device that converts one polarity (positive or negative) of input AC into output DC is known as Half-wave rectifier. OR A device that converts half-cycle of input AC into output DC is known as Half-wave Rectifier. As shown in the figure below. Half Wave Rectifier (Circuit...

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Full wave rectifier (Definition and Working)

A device that converts both polarities (positive and negative) of input AC into output DC is know as Full Wave Rectifier. OR A rectifier that converts complete cycle of input AC into output DC is known as Full-wave Rectifier. Full Wave Rectifier (Circuit Diagram and Output)  When...

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Bridge Rectification

It is use the most frequently used circuit in electronic DC power supplies. It converts the full cycle of AC in to DC. Four diodes and a transformer are used in it. Since, the whole secondary winding of transformer is used in this circuit, so it produces double volts than...

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